Brain cells which are essential for consciousness in the adult are known to be present in the foetus by 10 weeks. (Fetus on left is 10 weeks old.) Nerve fibres which transmit pain impulses are known to be present before fibres inhibiting pain are completed.
According to a scholarly study of the available evidence, this "implies that the first trimester foetus may be more susceptible to pain than slightly older subjects."10. The first trimester of pregnancy is the first three months.
In other words, if the baby can experience pain before the body's mechanisms to suppress pain have developed, this means that the baby may be able to feel pain at a much earlier stage than was previously thought, and perhaps even more keenly in the first three months of pregnancy than later.
The same study concludes that there is a likelihood that the "foetus has started to acquire a sentient capacity perhaps as early as six weeks, certainly by nine to ten weeks of gestation. Anatomical examination of such foetuses indicates the probability that differentiation sufficient for reception, transmission and perception of primitive pain sensation has already occurred."11
Practising for life outside the womb
"At 11 weeks after conception the foetus starts to swallow the surrounding amniotic fluid and to pass it back in his urine. He can also produce complex facial expressions and even smile."12 Swallowing prepares the baby for taking in milk at birth. Thumb-sucking has also been recorded in the foetus.13
Foetal breathing movements have been detected as early as 11 weeks 14.
Although the baby does not breathe air inside the fluid-filled amnion, these movements help develop the respiratory organs.
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